Pregnancy Stages
Your pregnancy begins when one of your eggs is fertilized by a man's sperm in the fallopian tube. During the next few days, the fused egg and sperm move through the fallopian tube to the lining of the uterus. There it implants and starts to grow.
The cluster of cells that reaches your uterus will become the fetus and the placenta. The placenta functions as a life-support system during pregnancy, delivering oxygen, nutrients and hormones from you to the fetus. During pregnancy, the lining of your uterus thickens and its blood vessels enlarge to nourish the fetus. As pregnancy progresses, the uterus expands to make room for the growing baby. By the time your baby is born, your uterus will be many times its normal size.
A normal pregnancy lasts about 280 days (about 40 weeks), counting from the first day of your last menstrual period. A normal range, however, ranges from as few as 259 days to as many as 294 days (37 to 42 weeks). The 40 weeks of pregnancy are divided into three trimesters of 12 to 13 weeks (or three months):
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First trimester: 0-13 weeks (months 1-3)
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Second trimester: 14-27 weeks (months 4-6)
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Third trimester: 28-40 weeks (months 7-9)
Your due date is called your "estimated date of delivery," or EDD. Although only about one in 20 women actually delivery on their exact due date, it's still a useful bit of information. It's a good guide to check your baby's growth and progress of your pregnancy, and it gives you a rough idea about when your baby will be born. Most women go into labor within about two weeks before or after their due date.
What to Do
If you have any questions about what is happening with you or your baby, talk to your doctor.
| The Stages of Pregnancy |
| First Trimester |
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Mother:
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Period stops.
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Breasts become larger and tender.
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Nipples may stick out more.
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You may need to urinate more often.
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You may feel tired.
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You may feel nauseated and even vomit.
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You may crave certain foods or lose your appetite.
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You may have heartburn or indigestion.
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You may be constipated.
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You may gain or lose a few pounds.
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Baby:
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First month:(1/2 inch, less than 1 ounce)
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The fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus. Some of these cells will grow into a baby; others will form the placenta.
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Arms and legs begin to form.
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Brain and spinal cord begin to form.
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Heart and lungs begin to develop. The heart begins to beat near the end of the month.
Second month:(1 inch, less than 1 ounce)
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Eyelids form, but remain closed.
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Inner ear begins to develop.
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Bones appear.
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Ankles, wrists, fingers and toes form.
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Genitals begin to develop.
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By the end of the month, all major organs and body systems have begun to develop.
Third month:(3-1/2 inches, just more than 1 ounce)
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Twenty buds for future teeth appear.
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All internal parts are formed, but are not fully developed.
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Fingers and toes continue to grow. Soft nails begin to form.
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Bones and muscles begin to grow.
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Intestines begin to form.
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Backbone is soft and can flex.
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Skin is almost transparent.
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Hands are more developed than the feet.
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Arms are longer than the legs.
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| Second Trimester |
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Mother:
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Appetite increases; nausea and fatigue might ease.
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Abdomen begins to expand. By the end of this trimester, the top of your uterus will be near your rib cage.
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Skin on your abdomen and breasts stretches and may feel tight and itchy. You might see stretch marks.
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Abdomen may ache on one side or the other, as ligaments that support your uterus are stretched.
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A dark line, the linea nigra, may appear down the middle of your stomach from your navel to your pubic hair.
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You might get brown patches (chloasma, or the "mask of pregnancy") on your face.
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Areolas, the darker skin around your nipples, might darken.
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Feet and ankles might swell.
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You might feel your uterus in your lower abdomen.
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Baby:
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Fourth month:(6-7 inches, 5 ounces)
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Eyebrows, eyelashes and fingernails form.
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Arms and legs can flex.
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External sex organs are formed.
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Skin is wrinkled and the body is covered with a waxy coating (vernix) and fine hair (lanugo).
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Placenta is fully formed.
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Outer ear begins to develop.
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The fetus can swallow.
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Neck is formed.
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Kidneys are functioning and begin to produce urine.
Fifth month:(10 inches, 1/2-1 pound)
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The sucking reflex develops. If the hand floats to the mouth, the fetus may suck his or her thumb.
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Fetus is more active. You may be able to feel him or her move.
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The fetus sleeps and wakes regularly.
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Nails grow to the tips of the fingers.
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Gall bladder begins producing bile, which is needed to digest nutrients
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In a girl, all her eggs have formed in her ovaries.
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In a boy, testicles begin to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.
Sixth month:(12 inches, 1-1-1/2 pounds)
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Real hair begins to grow.
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Brain is rapidly developing.
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Eyes begin to open.
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Finger and toe prints can be seen.
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Lungs are fully formed, but not yet functioning.
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| Third Trimester |
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Mother:
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You can feel the baby's movements strongly.
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You may be short of breath.
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You need to urinate more often as the baby drops and puts extra pressure on your bladder.
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Colostrum -- a yellow, watery pre-milk -- might leak from your nipples.
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Navel might stick out.
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You might have contractions (abdominal tightening or pain). These can signal false or real labor.
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Baby:
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Seventh month:(14 inches, 2-2-1/2 pounds)
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Eyes can open and close and sense changes in light.
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Lanugo starts disappearing.
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Fetus kicks and stretches.
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Fetus can make grasping motions and responds to sound.
Eighth month:(18 inches, 5 pounds)
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With major development finished, fetus gains weight very quickly.
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Bones harden, but the sutures of the skull remain open allowing the skull to fit through the vagina during delivery.
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Different regions of the brain are forming.
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Taste bids develop; fetal taste buds respond to the stimulus of sweet and sour.
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Fetus might hiccup.
Ninth month:(20 inches, 6-9 pounds)
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Fetus usually turns into a head-down position.
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Skin is less wrinkled.
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Lungs mature and are ready to function on their own.
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Sleeping patterns develop.
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Fetus gains about 1/2 pound per week.
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Publication Source:
Well Advised, Second Edition, Text copyright © 2003 Park Nicollet Institute
Online Editor:
Sinovic, Dianna
Online Medical Reviewer:
Dolan, Mary, MD
Online Medical Reviewer:
Godsey, Cynthia M.S., M.S.N., APRN
Online Medical Reviewer:
Lambert, J.G. M.D.
Date Last Reviewed:
2/13/2006
Date Last Modified:
2/15/2006