What Is Diabetic Retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy is a disease that can lead to blurry, distorted vision or even blindness. It occurs when diabetes damages blood vessels on the retina at the back of the eye. Vision loss happens when these damaged vessels leak fluid. It can also occur when fragile new vessels grow and then bleed into the vitreous (the clear gel that fills the inside of the eye).

What Causes Diabetic Retinopathy?

Diabetes is the cause of this eye disease. Over time, diabetes makes blood vessels weaken all over the body, including in the eyes. Poor blood sugar control can make retinopathy worse. So can smoking or poorly controlled high blood pressure. Pregnancy can also cause retinopathy to worsen.

What Are the Symptoms?

You can have diabetic retinopathy without knowing it. Usually, there is no pain and no outward sign. Over time, you may notice gradual blurring or some vision loss. Symptoms may come and go. Early treatment and good control of risk factors may help prevent vision loss or blindness.

What You Can Do

Have your eyes examined regularly by an eye specialist. Your healthcare provider will tell you when and how often you need these exams.